Barriers to Corporate Social Responsibility: the perceptions of a leading non-governmental organization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15675/gepros.v15i4.2706Palavras-chave:
analytic hierarchy process, multicriteria decision making, CSR, non-governmental organizations, sustainable development.Resumo
Purpose – This study aims to identify the main barriers to develop Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from the viewpoint of a leading Non-governmental Organization (NGO). The proposed methodology evaluates the importance attached to different classes of barriers to CSR from the privileged perspective of a Brazilian NGO.
Theoretical framework – This study was based on the current theory of barriers to CSR initiatives and multicriteria decision making.
Design/methodology/approach – The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to assess and prioritize barriers to CSR through expert opinion. The ranking of stability was tested through a sensitivity analysis of the assigned weights.
Findings – The results indicate that the main barrier is a lack of commitment of senior management. By contrast, the least determining barriers were a lack of social auditing, diversity, and customer awareness.
Originality/value – The article contributes by extending the application of multiple-criteria decision-making methods to CSR and evaluating the relative importance of the barriers. This study also offers empirical results that broaden the discussion on barriers to social responsibility, guiding managers and decision makers who lead CSR initiatives in organizations to understand which barriers should be overcome, and where managers should focus their effects to do so.
Keywords - Analytic hierarchy process; Multicriteria decision making; CSR; Non-governmental organizations; Sustainable development.
Referências
AGUDO-VALIENTE, J.; GARCÉS-AYERBE, C.; SALVADOR-FIGUERAS, M. Corporate Social Responsibility Drivers and Barriers According to Managers’ Perception; Evidence from Spanish Firms. Sustainability, v. 9, n. 12, p. 1821, 11 out. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101821
ALBAREDA, L.; LOZANO, J. M.; YSA, T. Public Policies on Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Governments in Europe. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 74, n. 4, p. 391–407, 14 ago. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9514-1
AREVALO, J. A.; ARAVIND, D. Corporate social responsibility practices in India: approach, drivers, and barriers. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, v. 11, n. 4, p. 399–414, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14720701111159244
ARIAS, A. O. An interpretive systemic appraisal of corporate social responsibility and learning. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, v. 25, n. 3, p. 361–370, 7 ago. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.897
BASKARAN, V.; NACHIAPPAN, S.; RAHMAN, S. Supplier assessment based on corporate social responsibility criteria in Indian automotive and textile industry sectors. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, v. 4, n. 4, p. 359–369, dez. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2011.579360
BATTAGLIA, M. et al. An innovative model to promote CSR among SMEs operating in industrial clusters: evidence from an EU project. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, v. 17, n. 3, p. 133–141, 17 mar. 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.224
BISWAS, U. A.; GARG, S.; SINGH, A. Integrating analytic hierarchy process in corporate social responsibility measurement. International Journal of Operational Research, v. 29, n. 3, p. 317, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJOR.2017.084332
BOWEN, H. R. Social responsibility of the businessman. New York: Harper & Row, 1953.
CAMPIN, S.; BARRAKET, J.; LUKE, B. micro-Business Community Responsibility in Australia: Approaches, Motivations and Barriers. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 115, n. 3, p. 489–513, 3 jul. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1396-1
CAMPION, E. D. The career adaptive refugee: Exploring the structural and personal barriers to refugee resettlement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, v. 105, p. 6–16, abr. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.10.008
CARROLL, A. B. Corporate Social Responsibility. Business & Society, v. 38, n. 3, p. 268–295, 26 set. 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000765039903800303
CHANG, C.-W. et al. An application of AHP and sensitivity analysis for selecting the best slicing machine. Computers & Industrial Engineering, v. 52, n. 2, p. 296–307, mar. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2006.11.006
DA SILVA WEGNER, R. et al. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the analysis of marketing mix in a construction material company. Revista Gestão da Produção Operações e Sistemas, v. 13, n. 2, p. 299–320, 1 jun. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15675/gepros.v13i2.1884
DAHLSRUD, A. How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1–13, jan. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.132
DE BAKKER, F. G. A.; GROENEWEGEN, P.; DEN HOND, F. A Bibliometric Analysis of 30 Years of Research and Theory on Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Social Performance. Business & Society, v. 44, n. 3, p. 283–317, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650305278086
DELMONICO, D. V. DE G. et al. Waste management barriers in developing country hospitals: Case study and AHP analysis. Waste Management & Research, v. 36, n. 1, p. 48–58, 20 jan. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X17739972
DEN HOND, F. et al. Playing on Two Chessboards: Reputation Effects between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Political Activity (CPA). Journal of Management Studies, v. 51, n. 5, p. 790–813, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12063
DETIENNE, K. B.; LEWIS, L. W. The Pragmatic and Ethical Barriers to Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: The Nike Case. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 60, n. 4, p. 359–376, set. 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-0869-x
DEUS, R. M. DE; SELES, B. M. R. P.; VIEIRA, K. R. O. Organizations and ISO 26000: Review of concepts, motivators, and barriers to implementation. Gestão & Produção, v. 21, n. 4, p. 793–809, 7 nov. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530X772/13
DIXON-O’MARA, C.; RYAN, L. Energy efficiency in the food retail sector: barriers, drivers and acceptable policies. Energy Efficiency, v. 11, n. 2, p. 445–464, 24 fev. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-017-9577-5
DOH, J. P.; GUAY, T. R. Corporate Social Responsibility, Public Policy, and NGO Activism in Europe and the United States: An Institutional-Stakeholder Perspective. Journal of Management Studies, v. 43, n. 1, p. 47–73, jan. 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00582.x
DOS SANTOS, H. H.; MÁXIMO DE SOUZA, R.; SOUZA ARAGÃO, A. Decision analysis in referrals of children and adolescent victims of violence: An ANP approach. Journal of the Operational Research Society, v. 69, n. 9, p. 1483–1492, 2 set. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2017.1404186
DUARTE, F.; RAHMAN, S. Perceptions of corporate social responsibility by Bangladeshi managers: an exploratory study. International Review of Business Research Papers, v. 6, n. 5, p. 119–136, 2010.
EGRI, C. P.; RALSTON, D. A. Corporate responsibility: A review of international management research from 1998 to 2007. Journal of International Management, v. 14, n. 4, p. 319–339, dez. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2007.09.003
FAISAL, M. N. Analysing the barriers to corporate social responsibility in supply chains: an interpretive structural modelling approach. International Journal of Logistics-Research and Applications, v. 13, n. 3, p. 179–195, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13675560903264968
GARAVAN, T. N. et al. Conceptualizing the behavioral barriers to CSR and CS in organizations: A typology of HRD interventions. Advances in Developing Human Resources, v. 12, n. 5, p. 587–613, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422310394779
GORDON, M. et al. Divergent stakeholder views of corporate social responsibility in the Australian forest plantation sector. Journal of Environmental Management, v. 113, p. 390–398, dez. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.016
GOVINDAN, K. et al. Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, v. 147, p. 555–568, jan. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.08.018
GOYAL, P.; KUMAR, D. Modeling the CSR barriers in manufacturing industries. Benchmarking: An International Journal, v. 24, n. 7, p. 1871–1890, 2 out. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-09-2015-0088
GRIESSE, M. A. The Geographic, Political, and Economic Context for Corporate Social Responsibility in Brazil. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 73, n. 1, p. 21–37, 1 maio 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9194-2
HEALD, M. Management’s Responsibility to Society: The Growth of an Idea. Business History Review, v. 31, n. 4, p. 375–384, 24 dez. 1957. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3111413
HILSON, A.; HILSON, G.; DAUDA, S. Corporate Social Responsibility at African mines: Linking the past to the present. Journal of Environmental Management, v. 241, p. 340–352, jul. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.121
HO, W. Integrated analytic hierarchy process and its applications – A literature review. European Journal of Operational Research, v. 186, n. 1, p. 211–228, abr. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.01.004
HOLME, R.; WATTS, P. Corporate Social Responsibility: Making Good Business Sense. [s.l.] World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 2000.
ISHIZAKA, A.; LABIB, A. Review of the main developments in the analytic hierarchy process. Expert Systems with Applications, v. 38, n. 11, p. 14336–14345, maio 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.04.143
ISHIZAKA, A.; SIRAJ, S. Are multi-criteria decision-making tools useful? An experimental comparative study of three methods. European Journal of Operational Research, v. 264, n. 2, p. 462–471, jan. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.05.041
JABBOUR, C. J. C. et al. “There is no carnival without samba”: Revealing barriers hampering biodiversity-based R&D and eco-design in Brazil. Journal of Environmental Management, v. 206, p. 236–245, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.019
JAUERNIG, J.; UHL, M.; LUETGE, C. Voluntary agreements between competitors: trick or truth? Journal of Business Economics, v. 87, n. 9, p. 1173–1191, 3 dez. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-017-0862-8
JUVAN, E.; DOLNICAR, S. Can tourists easily choose a low carbon footprint vacation? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, v. 22, n. 2, p. 175–194, 17 fev. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.826230
KANGAS, H.-L.; LAZAREVIC, D.; KIVIMAA, P. Technical skills, disinterest and non-functional regulation: Barriers to building energy efficiency in Finland viewed by energy service companies. Energy Policy, v. 114, n. October 2016, p. 63–76, mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.11.060
KARASSIN, O.; BAR-HAIM, A. Multilevel corporate environmental responsibility. Journal of Environmental Management, v. 183, p. 110–120, dez. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.051
KOSTKA, G.; MOSLENER, U.; ANDREAS, J. Barriers to increasing energy efficiency: evidence from small-and medium-sized enterprises in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 57, p. 59–68, out. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.025
KUO, T. C. et al. Motivations and barriers for corporate social responsibility reporting: Evidence from the airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, v. 57, p. 184–195, out. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.08.003
LAPIŅA, I.; MAURĀNE, G.; STARIŅECA, O. Human Resource Management Models: Aspects of Knowledge Management and Corporate Social Responsibility. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, v. 110, p. 577–586, jan. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.902
LAUDAL, T. Drivers and barriers of CSR and the size and internationalization of firms. Social Responsibility Journal, v. 7, n. 2, p. 234–256, 7 jun. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17471111111141512
LAUESEN, L. M. CSR in publicly owned enterprises: opportunities and barriers. Social Responsibility Journal, v. 7, n. 4, p. 558–577, 4 out. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17471111111175137
MILBRATH, L. W. Psychological, Cultural, and Informational Barriers to Sustainability. Journal of Social Issues, v. 51, n. 4, p. 101–120, jan. 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01350.x
NWOKE, U. Corporations and development. International Journal of Law and Management, v. 59, n. 1, p. 122–146, 13 fev. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-07-2015-0042
PEÑA, A. M. Rising Powers, Rising Networks: Brazilian Actors in Private Governance. Oxford Development Studies, v. 42, n. 2, p. 217–237, 3 abr. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2014.905524
PETRENKO, O. V. et al. Corporate social responsibility or CEO narcissism? CSR motivations and organizational performance. Strategic Management Journal, v. 37, n. 2, p. 262–279, fev. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2348
RAI, V.; BECK, A. L. Play and learn: Serious games in breaking informational barriers in residential solar energy adoption in the United States. Energy Research & Social Science, v. 27, p. 70–77, maio 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.03.001
RAUCH, J. E.; CASELLA, A. Overcoming Informational Barriers to International Resource Allocation: Prices and Ties*. The Economic Journal, v. 113, n. 484, p. 21–42, jan. 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00090
REIMER, M.; VAN DOORN, S.; HEYDEN, M. L. M. Unpacking Functional Experience Complementarities in Senior Leaders’ Influences on CSR Strategy: A CEO–Top Management Team Approach. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 151, n. 4, p. 977–995, 16 set. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3657-5
SAATY, T. L. How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, v. 48, n. 1, p. 9–26, set. 1990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I
SHEN, L.; GOVINDAN, K.; SHANKAR, M. Evaluation of Barriers of Corporate Social Responsibility Using an Analytical Hierarchy Process under a Fuzzy Environment—A Textile Case. Sustainability, v. 7, n. 3, p. 3493–3514, 23 mar. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su7033493
SIPAHI, S.; TIMOR, M. The analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process: an overview of applications. Management Decision, v. 48, n. 5, p. 775–808, jun. 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741011043920
SWEENEY, L. Corporate social responsibility in Ireland: barriers and opportunities experienced by SMEs when undertaking CSR. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, v. 7, n. 4, p. 516–523, 14 ago. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700710820597
TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL. Corruption Perceptions Index 2018. Berlin: [s.n.].
UN GLOBAL COMPACT. Our Participants. Disponível em: <https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/participants>.
VALMOHAMMADI, C. Investigating corporate social responsibility practices in Iranian organizations: an ISO 26000 perspective. Business Strategy Series, v. 12, n. 5, p. 257–263, 6 set. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631111166898
WATTS, P.; HOLME, R. Corporate Social Responsibility: Meeting Changing Expectations. [s.l.] World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 1999.
YUEN, K. F.; LIM, J. M. Barriers to the Implementation of Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility in Shipping. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, v. 32, n. 1, p. 49–57, mar. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsl.2016.03.006
ZIENTARA, P. Socioemotional Wealth and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Critical Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, v. 144, n. 1, p. 185–199, 5 ago. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2848-1
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
O(s) autor(es) do artigo autorizam a publicação do texto na revista e garantem que a contribuição é original e inédita, não estando em processo de avaliação em outra(s) revista(s). As opiniões, ideias e conceitos emitidos nos textos são de inteira responsabilidade do(s) autor(es), não sendo a revista responsável por tais conteúdos.
Os editores da revista reservam o direito de efetuar ajustes textuais e de adequação às normas da publicação, caso necessário.
Os autores mantêm os direitos autorais sobre o trabalho e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, sendo o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), o que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
Os autores têm autorização para firmar contratos adicionais, separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.